Spanish in Bilingual and Multilingual Settings around the World
Table of contents
Preface
Chapter 1. What is Bilingualism?
1.1. Language, Dialects, and Linguistic Varieties
1.2. What is the ‘‘Standard’’?
1.3. The Role and Importance of Culture
1.4. Notions of Prestige, Identity, Attitudes, and Ideologies
1.5. Languages and Dialects in Contact
1.6. What are Bilingualism and Multilingualism?
1.7. Factors that Promote (Bi/Multi)lingualism and How the Speaker and Society Face This
1.8. Maintenance, Shift, Assimilation, and Attrition
1.8.1. Sociolinguistic Perspective on Language Attrition
1.8.2. Language Attrition: Effects on Linguistic Elements of Speech
1.8.3. Language Attrition and Universal Grammar
1.9. Code-Switching
1.9.1. The Influence of Addressee on Code-Switching
1.9.2. Code-Switching as Distinctiveness
1.9.3. Code-Switching in the Schools
1.10. The Bilingual Child (L1 and L2)
1.10.1. Bilingual Delay or Bilingual Advantage?
1.11. Sociolinguistic Aspects of (Bi/Multi)lingualism
References
Chapter 2. Bilingualism/Multilingualism in the Hispanic World
2.1. Looking Back: The Birth of a Spanish Language and a Spanish Nation
2.2. Branching Off: Spanish in the Americas
2.3. National Languages in Spain
2.3.1. The Basque Country
2.3.2. Catalonia
2.3.3. Galicia
2.4. Indigenous Languages in Latin America
2.4.1. Mexico
2.4.2. Ecuador
2.4.3. Paraguay
2.5. Agency and Reaffirmation of Identity
2.6. Language Policy and Language Planning: General Considerations
2.6.1. Language Policy and Language Planning in Spain
2.6.2. Language Policy and Language Planning in Latin America
2.7. Education
2.7.1. Education in Spain
2.7.2. Education in Latin America
2.8. Important Cases and Communities in Danger
2.8.1. Palenquero
2.8.2. Guarani
2.8.3. Aymara and Quechua
2.8.4. Mayan
2.8.5. Garifuna
2.8.6. Equatorial Guinea
2.8.7. Islen˜ o
2.9. Spanish in the Era of Globalization
2.10. The Growth of English as an International Language
References
Chapter 3. Bilingualism in the United States
3.1. Historical Background
3.2. Demographic Data and the Current Situation of Hispanics in the United States
3.3. Hispanic Identity and Language in the United States
3.4. Bilingual Education in the United States
3.4.1. Historical Background
3.4.2. Bilingual Education Models
3.4.3. Criticism of Bilingual Education
3.5. Bilingual Spanish-Speakers
3.5.1. Prestige Dialect and Dialect Awareness
3.5.2. Expansion of the Bilingual Range
3.5.3. Language Maintenance and Identity
3.5.4. Biliteracy in the Heritage Classroom
3.6. English Only and English Plus
3.7. The Actual Growth of Spanish
3.8. Important Cases
3.8.1. Chicanos
3.8.2. Cubans
3.8.3. Dominicans
3.8.4. Puerto Ricans
3.8.5. Central Americans
3.8.6. South Americans
References
Appendices
About the Authors
Subject Index
Chapter 1. What is Bilingualism?
1.1. Language, Dialects, and Linguistic Varieties
1.2. What is the ‘‘Standard’’?
1.3. The Role and Importance of Culture
1.4. Notions of Prestige, Identity, Attitudes, and Ideologies
1.5. Languages and Dialects in Contact
1.6. What are Bilingualism and Multilingualism?
1.7. Factors that Promote (Bi/Multi)lingualism and How the Speaker and Society Face This
1.8. Maintenance, Shift, Assimilation, and Attrition
1.8.1. Sociolinguistic Perspective on Language Attrition
1.8.2. Language Attrition: Effects on Linguistic Elements of Speech
1.8.3. Language Attrition and Universal Grammar
1.9. Code-Switching
1.9.1. The Influence of Addressee on Code-Switching
1.9.2. Code-Switching as Distinctiveness
1.9.3. Code-Switching in the Schools
1.10. The Bilingual Child (L1 and L2)
1.10.1. Bilingual Delay or Bilingual Advantage?
1.11. Sociolinguistic Aspects of (Bi/Multi)lingualism
References
Chapter 2. Bilingualism/Multilingualism in the Hispanic World
2.1. Looking Back: The Birth of a Spanish Language and a Spanish Nation
2.2. Branching Off: Spanish in the Americas
2.3. National Languages in Spain
2.3.1. The Basque Country
2.3.2. Catalonia
2.3.3. Galicia
2.4. Indigenous Languages in Latin America
2.4.1. Mexico
2.4.2. Ecuador
2.4.3. Paraguay
2.5. Agency and Reaffirmation of Identity
2.6. Language Policy and Language Planning: General Considerations
2.6.1. Language Policy and Language Planning in Spain
2.6.2. Language Policy and Language Planning in Latin America
2.7. Education
2.7.1. Education in Spain
2.7.2. Education in Latin America
2.8. Important Cases and Communities in Danger
2.8.1. Palenquero
2.8.2. Guarani
2.8.3. Aymara and Quechua
2.8.4. Mayan
2.8.5. Garifuna
2.8.6. Equatorial Guinea
2.8.7. Islen˜ o
2.9. Spanish in the Era of Globalization
2.10. The Growth of English as an International Language
References
Chapter 3. Bilingualism in the United States
3.1. Historical Background
3.2. Demographic Data and the Current Situation of Hispanics in the United States
3.3. Hispanic Identity and Language in the United States
3.4. Bilingual Education in the United States
3.4.1. Historical Background
3.4.2. Bilingual Education Models
3.4.3. Criticism of Bilingual Education
3.5. Bilingual Spanish-Speakers
3.5.1. Prestige Dialect and Dialect Awareness
3.5.2. Expansion of the Bilingual Range
3.5.3. Language Maintenance and Identity
3.5.4. Biliteracy in the Heritage Classroom
3.6. English Only and English Plus
3.7. The Actual Growth of Spanish
3.8. Important Cases
3.8.1. Chicanos
3.8.2. Cubans
3.8.3. Dominicans
3.8.4. Puerto Ricans
3.8.5. Central Americans
3.8.6. South Americans
References
Appendices
About the Authors
Subject Index
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