The Holy Wars of King Wladislas and Sultan Murad

Biographical note Readership Table of contents

Publication Type:

Book

Pages, Illustrations:

528 pp., 19 maps

Imprint:

BRILL

Language:

English

Biographical note

John Jefferson received his M.A. from the Jagiellonian University in Krakow (2002), and his Ph.D. from Mainz University (2011) where he is a guest lecturer. He works as a consultant and translator in several languages, including Polish, Arabic and Turkish.

Readership

All those interested in fifteenth-century crusading and Ottoman history, specifically the Varna crusade, John Hunyadi, the reign of King Wladislas III of Poland, Sultan Murad II and the Council of Florence.

List of Maps and Tables . . . xi
Acknowledgements . . . xiii

Introduction . . . 1
The Final Charge . . . 1
The Historiography of the Conflict . . . 8
Purpose and Scope . . . 16

PART ONE: THE CONFLICT TO 1440 AND ITS CONTEXT
1. The Church, the Council and the Crusade . . . 25
Defining Crusade . . . 25
Eugene IV, Cardinal Cesarini and the Council of Basel . . . 28
The Contest to Achieve Union . . . 38
The Crusade Project at the Council of Florence . . . 55
2. The Reign of Murad II and Renewed Ottoman Expansion . . . 69
The Reign of Murad II . . . 70
The Ottoman Porte at the Time of Murad II . . . 76
The Kul/Slave Institution . . . 82
The Timar System and the Provincial Government . . . 94
The Marcher Lords . . . 96
The Transition in Ottoman Expansionist Policy . . . 102
Ottoman Relations with Karaman . . . 111
3. Three Kings of Hungary—Sigismund, Albert and Wladislas . . . 119
Familiaritas—The Lord and His Retinue . . . 119
Sigismund of Luxembourg . . . 130
The Ottoman-Hungarian Conflict to 1437 . . . 134
The Bufffer States . . . 139
Serbia . . . 140
Wallachia . . . 142
Bosnia . . . 143
The Raid on Kruševac . . . 144
Albert II, the Bohemian Wars, and the Politicization of the
Ottoman Threat . . . 146
The Ottoman Campaigns of 1438–39 . . . 157
The Election of Wladislas . . . 168

PART TWO: THE CAMPAIGNS OF 1440–1444
4. Strategy, Tactics and Order of Battle . . . 181
Ottoman Order of Battle . . . 181
The Timarli Sipahis or Provincial Landed Cavalry . . . 183
Slaves of the Porte . . . 188
Enlisted Troops . . . 193
Mobilization . . . 199
Christian Forces . . . 200
Tactics . . . 209
Intelligence and Reconnaissance . . . 216
The Crusader Fleet . . . 222
Gunpowder . . . 227
Siege Warfare . . . 230
5. The Rise of Hunyadi, 1440–1442 . . . 235
The 1440 Siege of Belgrade . . . 235
The Hungarian Civil War . . . 246
The Rise of Hunyadi . . . 255
Hungarian Civil War—Phase Two . . . 259
The Church and the Crusade—1442 . . . 263
Attempts to End the Hungarian Civil War . . . 272
The Turkish Wars of 1442 . . . 279
Şehabeddin’s Defeat . . . 286
6. The Long March . . . 295
The Church and the Crusade—1443 . . . 295
Political Developments in Hungary . . . 306
The Revolt of Ibrahim Bey . . . 309
Preparations for the Crusade . . . 315
The Battles of Nish and Aleksinac . . . 323
The Ottoman Mobilization . . . 334
The Battle at Zlatitsa Pass . . . 340
The March Home . . . 348
7. The Crusade of 1444 . . . 357
After the Long March . . . 357
Wladislas’ Position in Hungary . . . 367
Ibrahim Bey’s Insurrection . . . 371
Proponents of Peace . . . 377
Advocates of War . . . 381
Fleet Preparations . . . 393
The Attack on Ibrahim Bey and Murad’s Abdication . . . 398
The Ratifĳication of the Peace Treaty . . . 406
Operations Begin . . . 422
The First Weeks of the Campaign . . . 426
The Crossing of the Straits . . . 432
The Land Expedition Continues . . . 443
The Battle of Varna . . . 455
Phase One . . . 460
Phase Two . . . 464
Phase Three . . . 467
Aftermath . . . 482

Summary and Conclusion . . . 489

Bibliography . . . 497
Index . . . 505

€192.00$249.00

Series:

Volume:

Version:

ISBN13:

9789004254572

Status:

Swastika over the Acropolis

Craig Stockings, Australian Defence Force Academy, and Eleanor Hancock, Australian Defence Force Academy

Swastika over the Acropolis is a major reinterpretation of the conduct and significance of the Greek campaign of 1941, and its place in the history of World War II.

€218.00$282.00

Series:

Volume:

Version:

ISBN13:

9789004251991

Status:

Siege Warfare and Military Organization in the Successor States (400-800 A.D.)

Leif Inge Ree Petersen, Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Siege Warfare follows the adaptation of late Roman military organization among successor states to 800 AD from Francia to the Caliphate, as siege technology, military infrastructure and administrative techniques throughout the Mediterranean derived from 4th and 5th century imperial innovations.

€125.00$162.00

Series:

Volume:

Version:

ISBN13:

9789004227477

Status:

Defending Neutrality

Wim Klinkert, University of Amsterdam and Netherlands Defence Academy

Defending Neutrality analyses the broad spectrum of war preparation of a small neutral state, The Netherlands, before, during and after the First World War. It deals with the role of neutral states close to the front and with the internal technological, military and societal developments within ...

€103.00$133.00

Series:

Volume:

Version:

ISBN13:

9789004226630

Status:

John of Salisbury

John D. Hosler, Morgan State University

In John of Salisbury, John D. Hosler examines the military content in the corpus of John of Salisbury, a prodigious writer and major English intellectual figure in the twelfth century A.D.

€101.00$140.00

Series:

Volume:

Version:

ISBN13:

9789004243248

Status:

New Title

The Military Effectiveness of Post-Colonial States

Pradeep P. Barua, University of Nebraska at Kearney

In The Military Effectiveness of Post Colonial States, Barua examines the war fighting capabilities of Nigeria, Argentina, Egypt and India in the post colonial era.

€158.00$220.00

Series:

Volume:

Version:

ISBN13:

9789004249080

Status:

Northern European Overture to War, 1939-1941

Edited by Michael H. Clemmesen, Danish Centre for Military History and Marcus Faulkner, King's College London

Northern European Overture to War offers an international perspective on the diplomatic and military factors that shaped the course of events in Northern Europe as the region became increasingly drawn into the wider great power war.

€101.00$140.00

Series:

Volume:

Version:

ISBN13:

9789004209916

Status:

Guarded Neutrality

Susanne Wolf

The internment of approximately 50,000 foreign troops in the Netherlands, provided an important showcase for the Dutch Government to demonstrate its neutral stance and its impartiality towards the all of the belligerents.

€164.00$228.00

Series:

Volume:

Version:

ISBN13:

9789004245648

Status:

The Hundred Years War (Part III)

Edited by L.J. Andrew Villalon, University of Texas, and Donald J. Kagay, Albany State University

In The Hundred Years War: Further Considerations, sixteen essays consider various economic, legal, military, and psychological aspects of the long conflict that touched much of late-medieval Europe.

€168.00$234.00

Series:

Volume:

Version:

ISBN13:

9789004245631

Status:

New Title

Beyond the Burghal Hidage

John Baker, University of Nottingham, and Stuart Brookes, University College London

Beyond the Burghal Hidage takes the study of Anglo-Saxon civil defence away from traditional historical and archaeological fields, and uses a groundbreaking interdisciplinary approach to examine warfare and public responses to organised violence through their impact on the landscape.

€112.00$156.00

Series:

Volume:

Version: